Extracts of summarised financial information

Group profit or loss (extract)

for the year ended 30 June 2022  2022 
Rm
 
   2021 
Rm 
   % 
change 
Revenue  91 978     87 205    
Operating profit before capital items and net foreign exchange gains/(losses)1  5 029     3 838     31 
Impairment of property, plant and equipment, net of profit/(losses) on sale  (91)    (7)    >100 
Other costs  (104)    (45)    >100 
Net foreign exchange gains/(losses) 135     (383)    >100 
Net finance costs  (496)    (543)    (9)
Profit before tax  4 473     2 860     56 
Income tax expense  (1 135)    (718)    58 
Profit for the year  3 338     2 142     56 
Attributable to non-controlling interests  (48)    (44)   
Attributable to shareholders of Motus Holdings  3 290     2 098     57 
Operating profit (%) 5,5     4,4      
Effective taxation rate (%) 25,6     25,5      

1 The prior period has been adjusted for the re-presentation to include share of results from associates and joint ventures.

Revenue improved by 5% mainly due to improved performance in the Import and Distribution segment, the South African retail business, Car Rental, and the Aftermarket Parts and Mobility Solutions business segments. The increase was offset by a decreased revenue contribution from the international retail businesses. The increase in Group revenue was supported by an increase in the sale of new vehicles, parts (including acquisitions) and rendering of services, offset by reduced sales of pre-owned vehicles.

Operating profit before capital items and net foreign exchange gains/(losses) improved by 31% with all business segments improving operating profit contribution.

The increased operating profit is mainly as a result of the recovery of the automotive and car rental sectors which positively impacted gross income, coupled with increased margins achieved due to inventory shortages. The operations also benefitted from increased volumes supported by an improvement in after-sales, acquisitions in the Retail and Rental and Aftermarket Parts segments and the return to profitability of Bank JVs in the Mobility Solutions segment.

Net foreign exchange gains of R135 million were recognised. Foreign currency exchange gains or losses comprise of translation differences arising from foreign currency denominated balances such as trade receivables, trade payables, CFC accounts and interest-bearing debt, changes in the fair value of derivative instruments and ineffectiveness from hedging relationships. The weakening of the Rand against the major currencies during the year, resulted in a significant unrealised foreign currency gain being accounted for.

Net finance costs decreased by 9% mainly due to lower average working capital for the year and improved profitability which resulted in lower debt requirements. The decrease was further supported by reduced IFRS 16 finance costs. The above reductions were partially offset by decreased fair value adjustment gains recognised as a result of the unwinding of the interest rate swap.

Effective tax rate is 25,6%. The current tax rate was lower than 28% mainly due to deferred tax assets being recognised or utilised, and additional dividend income. This was partially offset by the change in the South African tax rate on deferred tax asset balances and additional impairments raised on assets.

Summarised reconciliation of earnings to headline earnings

for the year ended 30 June 2022  2022 
Rm 
  2021 
Rm 
  % 
change 
Earnings  3 290    2 098    57 
Impairment of goodwill and other assets  305    106    >100 
Profit on sale of businesses and other  (43)   (9)   >100 
Profit on disposal of assets  (47)   (63)   (25)
Adjustments included in results of associates and joint ventures  (1)   –    100 
Taxation and non-controlling interests  –    13    >100 
Headline earnings  3 504    2 145    63 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares (million) 173    182    (5)
Earnings and headline earnings per share           
Basic EPS (cents) 1 902    1 153    65 
Basic headline EPS (cents) 2 025    1 179    72 

The Group repurchased 12 939 021 shares during the year at an average price of R104,41 per share, which resulted in lower weighted average number of shares, of which 1 307 000 shares were acquired as treasury shares for the share incentive schemes.

Financial position

as at 30 June 2022  2022 
Rm 
   2021 
Rm 
   % 
change 
Goodwill and intangible assets  1 959     1 546     27 
Investments in associates and joint ventures  269     289     (7)
Property, plant and equipment  7 331     7 024    
Right-of-use assets  2 046     2 132     (4)
Investments and other financial assets  320     414     (23)
Vehicles for hire  3 677     2 426     52 
Net working capital1  7 166     5 165     39 
Tax assets  1 392     1 474     (6)
Assets classified as held-for-sale  657     649    
Contract liabilities (service and maintenance plans) (3 021)    (2 828)   
Lease liabilities  (2 347)    (2 449)    (4)
Core interest-bearing debt  (4 169)    (2 528)    65 
Floorplans from financial institutions  (867)    (873)    (1)
Other liabilities  (368)    (275)    34 
Total equity  14 045     12 166     15 
Total assets  42 940     38 457     12 
Total liabilities  (28 895)    (26 291)    10 
1 Net working capital includes floorplans from suppliers amounting to R4 988 million (2021: R4 479 million).

Factors impacting the financial position at June 2022 compared to June 2021

Goodwill and intangible assets

Increased mainly due to acquisitions and currency adjustments, offset by the impairment of goodwill which is in line with the Group policy related to insignificant goodwill and annual impairment assessment. The Group examines each individual business which carries goodwill, and routinely impairs all individual amounts lower than R15 million.

Intangible assets increased mainly due to acquisitions which resulted in the recognition of Customer Lists and Trademarks for FAI (UK), partly offset by amortisation and currency adjustments.

Property, plant and equipment

Increased mainly due to additions, acquisitions and currency adjustments, offset by depreciation, impairments and disposal of properties.

Right-of-use assets

Decreased mainly due to depreciation and derecognition of leases, offset by new leases entered into or existing leases extended, and acquisitions.

Vehicles for hire

Increased mainly due to increased demand from car rental companies. Import and Distribution vehicles for hire increased mainly due to increased vehicles delivered to car rental companies on buy-back. Retail and Rental increased due to up-fleets as a result of increased leisure, corporate and government travel.

Net working capital increased by R2,0 billion (39%)

  • Inventory increased as a result of improved supply of certain vehicle models and derivatives, change in mix of vehicles, price increases and acquisitions. The 30 June 2021 position was low due to inventory supply constraints;
  • The net current derivative moved from a liability at June 2021 to an asset at June 2022 due to the weakening of the ZAR against major currencies;
  • Trade receivables increased mainly due to improved sales across the segments and acquisitions;
  • Floorplan payables increased due to increased inventory being placed on floorplans (being a cheaper source of funding); and
  • Creditors increased mainly due to increased trading activity and acquisitions.

Tax assets

Decreased mainly due to reduced deferred tax assets as a result of the 1% rate change for the South African entities and the utilisation of assessed losses raised in the prior year due to improved profitability, offset by deferred tax assets raised in the current year.

Assets classified as held-for-sale

Assets held-for-sale relate to the non-strategic properties identified for sale, mainly retail properties in South Africa, Australia and the UK.

Contract liabilities

Contract liabilities consists mainly of service and maintenance plans. The increase was due to higher prepaid contract sales and partly from conservative revenue recognition until a post COVID-19 pattern of travelling is established.

Lease liabilities

Decreased mainly due to lease payments and derecognition of leases. The decrease was offset by new leases entered into or existing leases extended, finance costs and acquisitions.

Core debt (excluding floorplan and IFRS 16 debt)

Increased primarily due to the higher working capital and vehicles for hire levels, dividend payments (final in September 2021 and interim in March 2022), share repurchases, business and associate acquisitions, capital expenditure and tax payments. This was offset by profits generated for the 12-month period.

Floorplans from financial institutions

Floorplan debt decreased mainly due to reduced floorplans in the UK and Australia which decreased mainly due to inventory shortages as a result of supply constraints. Offset by up-fleets with car rental in Mobility Solutions, partially funded through bank floorplans, and increased floorplan debt with financial institutions with South African dealers.

Equity

Equity was enhanced mainly by retained income of R3 338 million, favourable hedging reserve adjustments amounting to R666 million (foreign currency movements against the ZAR impacted forward cover since the 30 June 2021 position) and favourable currency translation reserve adjustments as a result of the weakening of the ZAR amounting to R128 million, offset mainly by the repurchase and cancellation of shares amounting to R1 217 million, the purchase of shares for the share scheme hedges resulting in treasury shares amounting to R134 million, and dividend payments to shareholders in September 2021 amounting to R468 million and March 2022 amounting to R460 million.

Cash flow movements

for the year ended 30 June 2022  2022 
Rm
 
   2021 
Rm 
Cash generated by operations before movements in net working capital  6 909     5 335 
Movements in net working capital  (620)    1 778 
Cash generated by operations before interest, taxation paid and capital expenditure on vehicles for hire  6 289     7 113 
Finance costs paid  (574)    (716)
Finance income received  13     59 
Dividend income received  297     142 
Taxation paid  (1 190)    (694)
Free cash flow generated from operations  4 835     5 904 
Net replacement capital (expenditure)/proceeds - vehicles for hire  (2 102)    151 
Cash generated by operations  2 733     6 055 
Net cash outflow on the acquisition and disposal of businesses  (633)    (199)
Net capital expenditure (excluding vehicles for hire) (764)    (325)
Net movement in investments and investments in associates and joint ventures  (27)    (10)
Advances of other financial assets  (39)    (34)
Cash received on finance lease receivables  –     44 
Cash generated from operating and investing activities  1 270     5 531 
Repurchase of own shares  (1 351)    (485)
Acquisition of non-controlling interests  (40)    (288)
Dividends paid  (964)    (312)
Other  (15)   
(Increase)/decrease in debt  (1 100)    4 450 

The free cash flow was primarily generated by strong operating profits, further supported by decreased finance costs and increased income from profit sharing arrangements. This was offset by increased taxation paid as a result of increased profitability and increased investment in working capital.

Net working capital movements resulted in an outflow of R620 million after adjusting for non-cash movements relating primarily to the acquisition of businesses, net derivative assets and currency adjustments. The year-on-year increased cash investment in working capital amounts to R2,4 billion with the main contributor being the increased investment attached to inventory which was low at June 2021 due to supply constraints.

Cash outflow on vehicles for hire of R2,1 billion was due to increased car rental activity.

Cash outflow on capital expenditure, net replacement and expansion, amounted to R764 million.

Net cash outflow on acquisition of businesses amounted to R633 million and relates mainly to the acquisition of FAI in the UK in the Aftermarket Parts business segment and passenger dealerships in South Africa.

A final dividend of 255 cents per ordinary share was declared and paid on 27 September 2021, amounting to R468 million. An interim dividend of 275 cents per ordinary share was declared and paid on 14 March 2022, amounting to R460 million.

Advances of debt amounted to R1,1 billion in the statement of cash flows, with debt increasing by R1,5 billion in the statement of financial position, primarily due to non‑cash movements related to new leases entered into, acquisition of businesses and currency adjustments on debt, reduced by leases derecognised and terminated.

Summarised segment financial position

  Group   Import and Distribution   Retail and Rental
as at 30 June 2022  2022 
Rm 
   2021 
Rm 
   2022 
Rm 
   2021 
Rm 
  2022 
Rm 
  
 
2021 
Rm 
Financial position                   
 
 
Assets                   
 
 
Goodwill and intangible assets  1 959     1 546        –    1 074
 
1 074
Carrying value of associates and joint ventures  (excluding loans to associates) 194     200     37     25    29
 
52
Property, plant and equipment  7 201     6 872     607     462    6 088
 
5 951
Investment properties  130     152     130     138   
 
14
Right-of-use assets  2 046     2 132     19     128    1 720
 
1 778
Investments and other financial instruments  320     374         
 
Vehicles for hire  3 677     2 426     1 072     787    2 591
 
1 581
Net investment in lease receivables  –     40     –     40   
 
Inventories  18 966     16 528     3 648     3 383    12 389
 
10 941
Trade and other receivables2  5 330     4 246     2 468     1 989    3 090
 
2 721
Operating assets  39 823     34 516     7 988     6 956    26 981
 
24 085
– South Africa  26 689     23 025     7 988     6 956    15 436
 
13 104
– International4  13 134     11 491     –     –    11 545
 
10 981
Liabilities                   
 
 
Contract liabilities  3 021     2 828     –     –    86
 
136
Lease liabilities  2 347     2 449     23     192    1 988
 
2 006
Provisions  983     1 000     268     219    291
 
199
Trade and other payables2  16 147     14 609     4 579     4 260    11 811
 
10 550
Other financial liabilities  62     56     –     –    47
 
28
Operating liabilities  22 560     20 942     4 870     4 671    14 223
 
12 919
– South Africa  13 970     13 343     4 870     4 671    6 156
 
5 546
– International4  8 590     7 599     –     –    8 067
 
7 373
Net working capital  7 166     5 165     1 269     893    3 377
 
2 913
– South Africa  5 831     4 114     1 269     893    2 609
 
2 043
– International4  1 335     1 051     –     –    768
 
870
Net debt  5 036     3 401     903     1 075    3 181
 
3 953
– South Africa  4 706     2 516     903     1 075    2 488
 
2 871
– International4  330     885     –     –    693
 
1 082
Net capital expenditure  (2 866)    (174)    (651)    580    (2 086)
 
(638)
– South Africa  (2 719)    (129)    (651)    580    (1 942)
 
(535)
– International4  (147)    (45)    –     –    (144)
 
(103)
Non-current assets (including equity investment in associates, excluding investment, deferred tax and other financial instruments) 11 560     10 902     796     753    8 911
 
8 842
– South Africa  6 825     6 659     796     753    4 759
 
4 710
– International4  4 735     4 243     –     –    4 152
 
4 132
  – United Kingdom  3 180     2 675     –     –    2 705
 
2 675
  – Other regions (Australia and South East Asia)3  1 555     1 568     –     –    1 447
 
1 457
   Mobility Solutions1     Aftermarket Parts     Head Office and Eliminations 
as at 30 June 2022   2022 
Rm
 
   2021 
Rm 
   2022 
Rm 
   2021 
Rm 
   2022 
Rm 
   2021 
Rm 
Financial position                                   
Assets                                   
Goodwill and intangible assets   19     21     859     470       
Carrying value of associates and joint ventures (excluding loans to associates)    12     120     107       
Property, plant and equipment   136     125     322     284     48     50 
Investment properties   –     –     –     –     –     – 
Right-of-use assets         306     225     –     – 
Investments and other financial instruments   315     366           (4)    (1)
Vehicles for hire   1 143     883     –     –     (1 129)    (825)
Net investment in lease receivables   –     –     –     –     –     – 
Inventories   349     341     2 630     1 899     (50)    (36)
Trade and other receivables2   441     255     940     725     (1 609)    (1 444)
Operating assets   2 408     2 004     5 182     3 715     (2 736)    (2 244)
– South Africa   2 408     2 004     3 598     3 205     (2 741)    (2 244)
– International4   –     –     1 584     510        – 
Liabilities                                   
Contract liabilities   2 935     2 692     –     –     –     – 
Lease liabilities         335     250     –     – 
Provisions   236     285           184     294 
Trade and other payables2   706     597     1 524     1 190     (2 473)    (1 988)
Other financial liabilities   –     –     11     21       
Operating liabilities   3 878     3 575     1 874     1 464     (2 285)    (1 687)
– South Africa   3 878     3 575     1 355     1 238     (2 289)    (1 687)
– International4   –     –     519     226        – 
Net working capital   (152)    (286)    2 042     1 431     630     214 
– South Africa   (152)    (286)    1 475     1 250     630     214 
– International4   –     –     567     181     –     – 
Net debt   (3 958)    (3 597)    1 587     755     3 323     1 215 
– South Africa   (4 022)    (3 597)    1 203     714     4 134     1 453 
– International4   64     –     384     41     (811)    (238)
Net capital expenditure   (434)    635     (101)    (73)    406     (678)
– South Africa   (434)    635     (98)    (83)    406     (726)
– International4   –     –     (3)    10     –     48 
Non-current assets (including equity investment in associates, excluding investment, deferred tax and other financial instruments) 160     159     1 607     1 086     86     62 
– South Africa   160     159     1 024     975     86     62 
– International4   –     –     583     111     –     – 
  – United Kingdom   –     –     475     –     –     – 
  – Other regions (Australia and South East Asia)3   –     –     108     111     –     – 
1 Formerly known as Financial Services.
2 Includes amounts pertaining to derivative financial instruments.
3 Retail and Rental operates in Australia and Aftermarket Parts operates in South East Asia.
4 International operations now includes the holding company for the foreign subsidiaries. The comparative amounts have been amended to align with that of the current year.

Summarised segment profit or loss

  Group   Import and Distribution   Retail and Rental
for the year ended 30 June 2022  2022 
Rm
 
   2021 
Rm 
   2022 
Rm 
   2021 
Rm 
  2022 
Rm
  2021 
Rm
Profit or loss                       
Total revenue  91 978     87 205     23 883     19 683    74 209    70 962 
– South Africa  61 493     56 091     23 883     19 683    44 583   40 124
– International4  31 381     31 680     –     –    29 626   30 838
  – United Kingdom  23 188     23 854     –     –    22 693   23 854
  – Other regions (Australia and South East Asia)1  8 193     7 826     –     –    6 933   6 984
– Eliminations between geographic regions  (896)    (566)    –     –     
Earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation  6 785     5 302     1 798     1 133    3 455   2 864
– South Africa  5 410     4 138     1 798     1 133    2 294   1 748
– International 1 398     1 175     –     –    1 161   1 161
– Eliminations between geographic regions (23)    (11)    –     –     
Depreciation, amortisation and impairments net of recoupments  (1 886)    (1 526)    (296)    (226)   (1 344)   (1 118)
– South Africa  (1 467)    (1 127)    (296)    (226)   (969)   (729)
– International (419)    (399)    –     –    (375)   (389)
Operating profit before capital items and net foreign exchange gains/(losses) 5 029     3 838     1 508     922    2 206   1 761
– South Africa  4 074     3 097     1 508     922    1 420   1 058
– International4  978     752     –     –    786   703
– Eliminations between geographic regions3  (23)    (11)    –     –     
Finance costs  (561)    (666)    (195)    (139)   (525)   (681)
– South Africa  (430)    (486)    (195)    (139)   (386)   (487)
– International4  (131)    (180)    –     –    (139)   (194)
Finance income  65     123     76     50    21   18
– South Africa  64     123     76     50    14   18
– International4     –     –     –    7  
Other capital costs  (104)    (33)    –     –    (65)   (26)
– South Africa  (41)    (22)    –     –    (65)   (15)
– International4  (63)    (11)    –     –      (11)
Profit/(loss) before tax  4 473     2 860     1 507     458    1 540   1 065
– South Africa  3 681     2 295     1 507     458    885   542
– International4  815     576     –     –    655   523
– Eliminations between geographic regions3  (23)    (11)    –     –     
Income tax expense  (1 135)    (718)    (300)    (122)   (452)   (296)
  Mobility Solutions   Aftermarket Parts   Head Office and Eliminations
for the year ended 30 June 2022  2022 
Rm 
  2021 
Rm 
  2022 
Rm 
  2021 
Rm 
  2022 
Rm 
  2021 
Rm 
Profit or loss                       
Total revenue  2 107    2 019    8 163    7 295    (16 384)   (12 754)
– South Africa  2 107    2 019    7 304    7 019    (16 384)   (12 754)
– International4  –    –    1 755    842    –    – 
  – United Kingdom  –    –    495    –    –    – 
  – Other regions (Australia and South East Asia)1  –    –    1 260    842    –    – 
– Eliminations between geographic regions  –    –    (896)   (566)   –    – 
Earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation  1 165    1 022    802    685    (435)   (402)
– South Africa  1 165    1 022    580    637    (427)   (402)
– International –    –    245    59    (8)   – 
– Eliminations between geographic regions –    –    (23)   (11)   –    – 
Depreciation, amortisation and impairments net of recoupments  (164)   (118)   (176)   (139)   94    75 
– South Africa  (164)   (118)   (132)   (122)   94    68 
– International –    –    (44)   (17)   –   
Operating profit before capital items and net foreign exchange gains/(losses) 1 004    912    644    578    (333)   (335)
– South Africa  1 004    912    466    538    (324)   (333)
– International4  –    –    201    51    (9)   (2)
– Eliminations between geographic regions3  –    –    (23)   (11)   –    – 
Finance costs  (60)   (67)   (108)   (95)   327    316 
– South Africa  (60)   (67)   (97)   (92)   308    299 
– International4  –    –    (11)   (3)   19    17 
Finance income  –    –        (35)   54 
– South Africa  –    –        (28)   54 
– International4  –    –      –    (7)   – 
Other capital costs  (39)   10    –    (17)   –    – 
– South Africa  24    10    –    (17)   –    – 
– International4  (63)   –    –    –    –    – 
Profit/(loss) before tax  904    855    543    449    (21)   33 
– South Africa  967    855    371    414    (49)   26 
– International4  (63)   –    195    46    28   
– Eliminations between geographic regions3  –    –    (23)   (11)   –    – 
Income tax expense  (218)   (198)   (134)   (94)   (31)   (8)
1 Retail and Rental operates in Australia and Aftermarket Parts operates in South East Asia.
2 The prior period has been adjusted for the re-presentation to include share of results from associates and joint ventures.
3 The unrealised profit adjustment between regions has been disclosed separately to enhance disclosure.
4 International operations now includes the holding company for the foreign subsidiaries. The comparative amounts have been amended to align with that of the current year.

Summarised segment profit or loss (continued)

  Group   Import and Distribution   Retail and Rental
for the year ended 30 June 2022  2022 
Rm
 
  2021 
Rm 
  2022 
Rm 
  2021 
Rm 
  2022 
Rm 
  2021 
Rm 
Additional information                       
Revenue by nature                       
Sale of goods  82 339    78 435    23 809    19 559    66 158   63 832 
New motor vehicle sales  43 746    40 167    20 576    15 282    36 378    34 045 
Pre-owned vehicle sales  21 353    22 266    1 018    2 294    21 220    21 615 
Parts and other goods sales  17 240    16 002    2 215    1 983    8 560   8 172 
Rendering of services  9 639    8 770    74    124    8 051   7 130 
Vehicle workshops, maintenance, service and warranty  5 617    5 555    49    61    4 316   4 249 
Motor vehicle rental  2 123    1 339    –    –    1 928   1 128 
Fees on vehicles, parts and services sold  1 899    1 876    25    63    1 807   1 753 
Total revenue  91 978    87 205    23 883    19 683    74 209   70 962 
Inter-group revenue  –    –    (15 482)   (11 964)   (452)   (440) 
Total external revenue  91 978    87 205    8 401    7 719    73 757   70 522 
Depreciation, amortisation and impairments net of recoupments  (1 886)   (1 526)   (296)   (226)   (1 344)   (1 118)
Depreciation and amortisation  (1 795)   (1 513)   (302)   (222)   (1 252)   (1 108)
(Losses)/profits on disposals and impairments  (91)   (1)     (4)   (92)   (10)
Amortisation of intangible asset arising on business combinations  –    (12)   –    –     
(Costs)/income included in profit before tax                       
Total employee costs  (7 307)   (6 606)   (452)   (410)   (5 155)   (4 719)
Operating lease charges  (237)   (95)   (11)   (15)   (200)   (74)
Net foreign exchange gains/(losses) 135    (383)   113    (370)   (3)   3
Share of results from associates and joint ventures  39    43    12    10    3   4  
Operating margin (%) 5,5    4,4    6,3    4,7    3,0   2,5 
  Mobility Solutions   Aftermarket Parts   Head Office and Eliminations
for the year ended 30 June 2022  2022 
Rm
 
  2021 
Rm 
  2022 
Rm 
  2021 
Rm 
  2022 
Rm
 
  2021 
Rm 
Additional information                       
Revenue by nature                       
Sale of goods  –    –    8 081    7 225    (15 709)   (12 181)
New motor vehicle sales  –    –    –    –    (13 208)   (9 160)
Pre-owned vehicle sales  –    –    –    –    (885)   (1 643)
Parts and other goods sales  –    –    8 081    7 225    (1 616)   (1 378)
Rendering of services  2 107    2 019    82    70    (675)   (573)
Vehicle workshops, maintenance, service and warranty  1 490    1 481    –    –    (238)   (236)
Motor vehicle rental  443    373    –    –    (248)   (162)
Fees on vehicles, parts and services sold  174    165    82    70    (189)   (175)
Total revenue  2 107    2 019    8 163    7 295    (16 384)   (12 754)
Inter-group revenue  (424)   (326)   (33)   (24)   16 391    12 754 
Total external revenue  1 683    1 693    8 130    7 271      – 
Depreciation, amortisation and impairments net of recoupments  (164)   (118)   (176)   (139)   94    75 
Depreciation and amortisation  (163)   (118)   (178)   (130)   100    65 
(Losses)/profits on disposals and impairments  (1)   –        (6)   10 
Amortisation of intangible asset arising on business combinations  –    –    –    (12)   –    – 
(Costs)/income included in profit before tax                       
Total employee costs  (540)   (490)   (957)   (885)   (203)   (102)
Operating lease charges  (2)   (2)   (54)   (28)   30    24 
Net foreign exchange gains/(losses) –    –      (7)   23    (9)
Share of results from associates and joint ventures      21    19     
Operating margin (%)         7,9    7,9